Bibliografia e note
[§]. Nota del traduttore:
[1]. U.S. Department of State, U.S.-Cuba Relations; http://www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/policy.html.
[2]. R. Lugar, Changing Cuba Policy-in the United States National Interest: Staff Trip Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate (Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009); http://lugar.senate.gov/ sfrc/pdf/Cuba.pdf.
[3]. L'Assemblea generale dell'ONU ha votato, in modo schiacciante, contro il blocco durante i passati 17 anni e la Organizzazione degli stati Americani ha qualificato il blocco di alimenti e medicine come violazione del Diritto Internazionale [37,38]. Una inchiesta realizzata nell'aprile 2009 ha mostrato che la maggioranza degli usamericani appoggiavano le limitazioni delle proibizioni a viaggiare (il 64%) e il ristabilimento delle relazioni diplomatiche (il 71%) con Cuba [35].
[4]. Office of the Press Secretary, The House, “Fact Sheet: Reaching out to the Cuban People”, publicado el 13 de abril de 2009; www.house.gov/the_press_office/Fact-Sheet-Reaching-out-to-the-Cuban-people.
[5]. S. J. Pastrana, M. T. Clegg, Science 322, 345 (2008).
[6]. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Title 31: Money and Finance, Treasury; Chapt. V - Office of Foreign Assets Control, Part 515, Cuban Assets Control Regulation, Code of Federal Regulation, 2009;www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/31cfr515_07.html.
[7]. F. Rojas Ochoa, C. M. López Pardo, Int. J. Health Serv. 27, 791 (1997).
[8]. K. Nayeri, C. M. López-Pardo, Int. J. Health Serv. 35, 797 (2005).
[9]. R. N. Ubell, N. Engl. J. Med. 309, 1468 (1983).
[10]. P. De Vos, Int. J. Health Serv. 35, 189 (2005).
[11]. United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision (United Nations, Geneva, 2009); http://data.un.org.
[12]. R. Garfield, S. Santana, Am. J. Public Health 87, 15 (1997).
[13]. Cuban Democracy Act, Title 22, U.S. Code, §6001 et seq.;http://treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/legal/statutes/ cda.pdf.
[14]. A. F. Kirkpatrick, Lancet 348, 1489 (1996).
[15]. Cuban Liberty and Democracy Solidarity (Libertad) Act, Title 22, U.S. Code, Section 6032 et seq.;http://www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/democ_act_1992.html.
[16]. P. G. Bourne, Denial of Food and Medicine: The Impact of the U.S. Embargo on Health and Nutrition in Cuba(American Association for World Health, Washington, DC, 1997);http://archives.usaengage.org/archives/studies/cuba.html.
[17]. Ministry of Public Health, Informe Anual, 1992 (Ministry of Public Health, Havana, Cuba, 1993).
[18]. A. Marrero, J. A. Caminero, R. Rodríguez, N. E. Billo, Thorax 55, 39 (2000).
[19]. D. Kuntz, Int. J. Health Serv. 24, 161 (1994).
[20]. G. C. Román, Neurology 44, 1784 (1994).
[21]. The Cuba Neuropathy Field Investigation Team, N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 1176 (1995).
[22]. G. C. Román, Ann. Intern. Med. 122, 530 (1995).
[23]. Public Law 106-387 - Appendix, Title IX - Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act, §901, 14 STAT, 1549A, pp. 67-73.
[24]. Cuba incominciò, allora, a comprare alimenti direttamente dagli USA e nel 2007 gli USA sono diventati il maggior fornitore di alimenti all'isola (39).
[25]. American Public Health Association, The Politics of Suffering: The Impact of the U.S. Embargo on the Health of the Cuban People (American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1993).
[26]. World Health Organization (WHO), Statistical Information System (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2006);www.who.int/whosis/en/.
[27].Dopo aver regolato statisticamente i salari dei medici cubani (tra 216 e 324 dollari all'anno) alla media approssimata dei salari usamericani in medicina primaria (150000 dollari all'anno) [8], il costo sanitario in Cuba aumenta più di tre volte (1248 dollari per persona), cifra che é comparabile a quella di molti paesi europei.
[28]. F. R. Ochoa, Revist. Cubana Med. Gen. Integr. 19, 56 (2003).
[29]. A. J. F. Cardelle, Int. J. Health Serv. 24, 421 (1994).
[30]. G. Reed, Bull. World Health Organ. 86, 327 (2008).
[31]. L. T. Dresang, L. Brebrick, D. Murray, A. Shallue, L. Sulli- van-Vedder, J. Am. Board Fam. Pract. 18, 297 (2005).
[32]. M. Márquez, Lancet 374, 1574 (2009).
[33]. R. Y. Demers, S. Kemble, M. Orris, P. Orris, Fam. Pract. 10, 164 (1993).
[34]. H. Veeken, BMJ 311, 935 (1995).
[35]. C.N.N., Encuesta de C.N.N.: Tres cuartos están a favor de las relaciones con Cuba, 12 de abril de 2009;http://edition.cnn.com/2009/ POLITICS/04/10/poll.cuba/index.html#cnnSTCText.
[36]. F. Mullan, N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 2680 (2004).
[37]. United Nations, General Assembly overwhelmingly calls for end to United States embargo of Cuba, United Nations General Assembly, GA/10649, 30 de octubre de 2007;www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/ga10649.doc.htm.
[38]. J. Walte, “U.S. urged to ease Cuban embargo”, USA Today, 7 de marzo de 1995.
[39]. W. Weissert, “U.S. remains Cuba’s top food source, exported $600M in agricultural products to island in 2007″, Associated Press, 22 de enero de 2008.
[40]. Agradecemos a J. Kassirer, G. Reed, J.Kates, de la The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, y a S. Montaña, un medico cubano, por haber revisados borradores de este manuscrito.
Toda correspondencia relacionada con este artículo debe dirigirse a pkdrain@stanford.edu